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THE SEVEN WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD were originally selected by a Greek philosopher Philon of Byzantium - more than 2,000 years ago. Several lists were compiled by numerous Greek historians (between 2-5 BC), however Antipater of Sidon and Philon of Byzantium drew up two of the most well-known lists. The Walls of the City of Babylon and the Palace of Cyrus (under the King of Persia’s rule) were also contenders amongst the list of ancient monuments.

THE ANCIENT SEVEN WONDERS:

The Great Pyramid of Giza >>
A gigantic stone structure near the ancient city of Memphis, serving as a tomb for the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon >>
A palace with legendary gardens built on the banks of the Euphrates river by King Nebuchadnezzar II

The Statue of Zeus at Olympia >>
An enormous statue of the Greek father of gods, carved by the great sculptor Pheidias

The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus >>
A beautiful temple in Asia Minor erected in honor of the Greek goddess of hunting and wild nature

The Mausoleum of Maussollos at Halicarnassus >>
A fascinating tomb constructed for King Maussollos, Persian satrap of Caria

The Colossus of Rhodes >>
A colossus of Helios the sun-god, erected by the Greeks near the harbor of a Mediterranean Island

The Lighthouse of Alexandria >>
A lighthouse built by the Ptolemies on the island of Pharos off the coast of their capital city

http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/list.html
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The list of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World was originally compiled around the second century BC. The first reference to the idea is found in History of Herodotus as long ago as the 5th century BC. Decades later, Greek historians wrote about the greatest monuments at the time. Callimachus of Cyrene (305BC-240BC), Chief Librarian of the Alexandria Mouseion, wrote "A Collection of Wonders around the World". All we know about the collection is its title, for it was destroyed with the Alexandria Library.

The final list of the Seven Wonders was compiled during the Middle Ages. The list comprised the seven most impressive monuments of the Ancient World, some of which barely survived to the Middle Ages. Others did not even co-exist. Among the oldest references to the canonical list are the engravings by the Dutch artist Maerten van Heemskerck (1498-1574), and Johann Fischer von Erlach's History of Architecture.

Today, archaeological evidence reveals some of the mysteries that surrounded the history of the Wonders for centuries. For their builders, the Seven Wonders were a celebration of religion, mythology, art, power, and science. For us, they reflect the ability of humans to change the surrounding landscape by building massive yet beautiful structures, one of which stood the test of time to this very day.

Seven Wonders of the Ancient World - The First know Reference Source:
The History of Herodotus
By Herodotus
Written 440 B.C.E
Translated by George Rawlinson

Decades later, Greek historians (including the lost works of Chief Librarian of the Alexandria Mouseion) wrote about the greatest monuments at the time.

The Alexandrian Mouseion
When Ptolemy Soter assumed power, he asked Demitrius Phalerus, a follower of Aristotle, to found a library system at Alexandria that would rival that of Athens. The Alexandrian Mouseion, however, far superseded its Greek prototype to become an intellectual and scientific institution; a university system rather than a bibliotheca. It was here, in the third century BC, that Archimedes invented the pump still in use today and known as Archimedes' screw, and, in the second century BC, that Hypsicles first divided the circle of the zodiac into 360 degrees. Ancient historians claim that the library's 500,000 book collection was so comprehensive that no manuscript was available in any library worldwide that was not available in Alexandria.

The Lighthouse of Alexandria
The construction of the Lighthouse of Alexandria was completed during the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus. It ranked as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. In fact, it was the only Wonder that had a practical secular use. This blend of beauty and scientific practicality was exclusive to the Ptolemies and their culture. Its architect, Sostratus, was a contemporary of Euclid. The full design of the Pharos and its accessories was carried out at the Mouseion. It stood approximately 150 meters high (a 50-storey modern building). Most impressive, was the mysterious "mirror" that was installed at the building summit. It was capable of detecting ships in the sea that were invisible to the naked eye and was used to magnify the intensity of the light emitting from the "lantern" at the top. A statue of Poseidon decorated the summit of the building.

http://ce.eng.usf.edu/pharos/wonders/

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